The main object of this licentiate thesis is to develop and test methods for checking the quality of the finished columns in situ, but also to give a summary of present methods in Sweden and in the rest of the world. Methods for checking the quality of lime cement columns has gradually been developed from ordinary geotechnical sounding methods to more specific methods. The main part of the thesis is focused on the experiences obtained from field- and laboratory studies. Some recommendations are given on performance of sounding tests and further development of the equipment.

The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to form a basis for development of the mixing process by increasing knowledge of fundamental theories and mechanisms when mixing binders and soft soils.

2000, 200 pages     Price: 300 SEK

2000, 154 pages    Price: 300 SEK

Report 4
Test embankment on gyttja and sulphide clay reinforced with lime/cement columns in Norrala
(in Swedish)  
Rolf Larsson

In early 1996, an instrumented test embankment was built on very soft organic soil and sulphide clay reinforced with lime/cement columns. The test embankment was constructed in the Norrala Valley, at a location where a planned combined railway and road embankment was to cross the valley. This embankment constituted part of the "Hälsingekusten" project involving the construction of both a new highway and a new railway along part of the Gulf of Bothnia.
Previous experience of deep stabilisation of organic soil and sulphide clay was very limited. The purpose of the test embankment was therefore to determine whether a sufficient reinforcement of these types of soil could be achieved to safely carry the relatively high embankment across the valley.

1999, 80 pages   Price: 300 SEK

Report 3
Stabilisering av organisk jord med cement och puzzolanreaktioner - förstudie

Stabilisation of Organic Soil by Cement- and Puzzolanic Reactions – Feasibility Study
(in Swedish or English)
Karin Axelsson, Sven-Erik Johansson & Ronny Andersson

Points out the possibility of stabilising mud and peat by determining the shear strength of samples stabilized in the laboratory. Samples of stabilized soil were produced in the laboratory and the strength of the samples was determined with unconfined compression tests. Different binders were used, consisting of cement (four different types), lime and residual material from industry.

2000, 60 pages    Price: 300 SEK

Report 2
Preliminary investigations of the influence of the type of quicklime on stabilisation results
(in Swedish)
Helen Åhnberg & Håkan Pihl

The investigations were performed in the laboratory and comprised tests on eight types of lime in two different clays. The pilot study shows that the type of lime used can be of major importance for the stabilisation result even when the differences in properties such as degree of calcination, grain size, CaO content,
etc. are relatively small.
1997, 39 pages   Price: 300 SEK

Report 1
Compilation of experience of lime-cement columns
(in Swedish)
Torbjörn Edstam

The purpose of this project has been to collect, compile, structure and to some extent analyse experience of deep stabilization with lime-cement columns. This report contains the results of the project, but a database has also been created. Furthermore, the collected material has been filed and made accessible for use in future R&D work forming part of the Swedish Deep Stabilization project. The material comprises information of a more general nature describing where, when, how and why deep stabilization has been carried out. Extensive informtion has also been acquired from 57 well-documented measuring sections, including details of the properties of the natural clay, the properties of the columns, expected and observed behaviour, and so on. The collected information comprises over five million metres of lime-cement columns installed throughout Sweden, mainly during the period 1985-1995.

1997, 157 pages   Price: 300 SEK


The reports can be ordered from:
Swedish Deep Stabilization Research Centre
c/o SGI, SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden
Telephone: +46 13 20 18 42
Fax: +46 13 20 19 12
E-mail: birgitta.sahlin@swedgeo.se

Worldwide literature on Deep Stabilization can be found in the SGI-Line, a database with more then 50 000 references to geotechnical literatue.